The rich, rich, and multi-layered classical Persian literature, which is considered a glorious legacy of Iranian civilization, is not only praised as a unique treasure trove of verbal art and linguistic subtleties, but also considered an unparalleled and rare source for interdisciplinary studies, especially in deep fields such as philosophy, sociology, and law. This article, by adopting a dual and combined approach that has both a critical dimension and uses an analytical-descriptive method, seeks to expand, deepen, and analyze the fundamental and essential concepts governing criminal law and criminology in a wide range of Iranian literary masterpieces. The aim of this research goes beyond a cursory and superficial look and, by delving into the hidden layers of texts, explores and examines the roots, lineages and various dimensions of macro-social-legal phenomena such as "crime", "punishment", "justice", "criminal responsibility", "victimization" as well as "crime prevention" strategies. These concepts are extracted and analyzed in the context of literary narratives and then directly contrasted, interacted and compared with the theoretical frameworks of contemporary criminology. To achieve this goal, a wide and representative range of Iranian literary texts, from epic to mystical and from moral to social satire, are carefully explored: from Ferdowsi's "Shahnameh" as the oldest document of national and epic identity that has the concepts of justice and just rule at its center; to Rumi's "Spiritual Mathnavi" which is the pinnacle of mystical thought and deals with inner punishment and moral conduct; And from Saadi's "Golestan" and "Bustan", which are known as a school for practical ethics and social education; to Hafez's profound poems, which are a mirror of social criticism and the hypocrisies of society; and also Obaid Zakani's bitter and intelligent humor, which has been used as a sharp tool to criticize and expose social corruption.